Garzie said...
what we do not know is if a person has say a single strain of borrelia burgdorferi - and then gets bitten again and received another strain - does this add to symptoms picture or severity?
Yeah that's a good point. The only thing I'm aware of is that between the different strains of Lyme is there are differences in clinical symptoms.
So I would think it would cause more symptoms. But like you said, that's just a guess. I know in ticks they negatively affect each other, so it's possible only one strain is dominant.
I think the only thing that's for sure is that there are differences in symptoms depending on the strain. For example in one study the Borrelia garinii strain causes neuroborreliosis in 83% of the people, whereas Borrelia afzelii only caused neuroborreliosis in 10%. (
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16912943/)
Some of the other differences are:
Borrelia burgdorferi : arthritis
Borrelia garinii : neurological symptoms
Borrelia afzelii: chronic skin condition (acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans)
They also share many similarities obviously.
Additionally, from what I've read on other forums the European strains are more often associated with fatigue. I'm guessing that's mostly garinii, but this is a guess on my part.
Some ticks carry multiple strains which negatively (or positively depending on how you look at it) affect each other (
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc5244308/)
Here's some other stuff that's interesting:
Some differences between strains (also mentioned above):
https://www.lymediseaseaction.org.uk/about-lyme/the-bacteria/Treating Borrelia afzelli:
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/478082Some quotes from this study:
https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejm200107123450207--> "Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans, caused primarily by B. afzelii"
--> "Severe radicular pain and pleocytosis; less prominent headache and neck stiffness, caused particularly by B. garinii"
--> Severe encephalomyelitis, spasticity, cognitive abnormalities, and marked intrathecal antibody production, caused primarily by B. garinii
--> In up to 5 percent of untreated patients, b. Burgdorferi may cause chronic neuroborreliosis, sometimesafter long periods of latent infection.39 in both the united states and europe, a chronic axonal polyneuropathy may develop, manifested primarily as spinalradicular pain or distal paresthesias. electromyograms typically show diffuse involvement of both proximal and distal nerve segments. In europe, b. Garinii may cause chronic encephalomyelitis, characterized by spastic paraparesis, cranial neuropathy, or cognitive impairment with marked intrathecal production of antibodies against the spirochete. in the united states, a mild, late neurologic syndrome has been reported, called lyme encephalopathy, manifested primarily by subtle cognitive disturbances. although there are no inflammatory changes in the cerebrospinal fluid, the intrathecal production of antibodies against the spirochete can often be demonstrated. Neither single-photon-emission computed tomography of the brain nor neuropsychological tests of memoryhave sufficient specificity to be helpful in the diagnosis. Lyme encephalopathy may be treated successfully with a one-month course of intravenous ceftriaxonetherapy, but immune-mediated or postinfectiousphenomena may also play a part in the pathogenesisof these syndromes. One unusual case of b. Burgdorferiinduced meningoencephalitis and cerebral vasculitis has been reported that was unresponsive to antibiotics. in this case, a t-cell clone recovered from the cerebrospinal fluid responded both to spirochetal epitopes and to autoantigens.