bartonella and other tick born illnesses do posses enzymes that break down proteins and produce ammonia as a by product (borrelia also do this i believe). and the brain is sensitive to ammonia levels - so high ammonia is one potential cause
when i sweat i often smell strongly of ammonia - which may be a sign of this
the other very common one is inflammation from infections upsetting the balance in tryptophan metabolism pathway in neurons inside the brain.
when this happens the protective down stream metabolite of tryptophan is reduced and the neurotoxic metabolite, called quinolinic acid, is increased.
this causes a "double whammy" effect - reduced protection, increased neurotoxicity - making the brain super sensitive to this pathway imbalance.
infection and the inflammation it causes are the usual driver - sometimes vitamin deficiencies or even medications can compound the issue
buhner writes about
this in lyme patients in his books - you can also read about
it in the great plains OAT test guide
eg here
https://www.gdx.net/core/support-guides/organic-acids-support-guide.pdf"Kynurenic/Quinolinic Acid Ratio
Because of the specific inflammatory component
of quinolinic acid, as well as the potentially
protective role of kynurenic acid peripherally (as
outlined above), laboratories measure the ratio
of kynurenic acid to quinolinic acid. This ratio
can act as a measure of disturbed kynurenine
pathway metabolism. It suggests that tryptophan is
catabolized via the kynurenine pathway, rather than
the serotonin pathway. There is literature regarding
a low kynurenic/quinolinic ratio association with
neurotoxicity and major depressive disorder." typical effects of high quinolinic acid are things like excitotoxicity - which is often characterised by a person getting run away thoughts - paranoia, out of control rages - or just cannot stop ruminating.
combinations of approaches may be needed to help calm the excitotoxicity
eg
- behaviour
al stuff as discussed above to increase calming and regulation of the CNS
- calming agents that increase inhibitory neurotransmitters like gabba - for instance l-theanine can help here
- coping strategies to minimise the instances of flare ups - eg recognising triggers and developing strategies to avoid
- anti-inflammatory herbs - eg gou teng as discussed - but tends to be a long term project
- and of course treating the root cause infections over the longer term - often it may be a case of using the above to get to the point where treatment of the infections, since they are the root cause and therefore the main target, can continue
i hope its of some help