Yes, you can do at least a couple of days worth - it all depends on how well it keeps in your frig. I would encourage you to use a jar that seals well.
The only lemons you want to use the peel from are organic lemons though, as you said, the others have pesticides we have to be concerned about
. Have you ever seen a little tool known as a peeler? Not an apple peeler, this one is for citrus fruits:
/goo.gl/MCDBW3 So you can see what you are looking for.
I use one of these any time I'm peeling citrus - it really saves my hands.